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Channel Photomultipliers
Channel Photomultipliers Overview and Specifications
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CHANNEL
PHOTOMULTIPLIER
CPM
Description PerkinElmer Optoelectronics, formerly EG&G Optoelectronics, is pleased to introduce the Channel Photomultiplier (CPM), a new ultra high sensitivity optical detector which replaces conventional photomultipliers (PMTs) and avalanche photo diodes (APDs). This device uses a unique detector principle, resulting in a compact design with ultra high gain, high dynamic range, extremely low dark current, and fast response. This high-performance detector offers fundamental advantages for analytical instrumentation applications such as emission spectroscopy, flourescence, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and bio and chemo luminescence. The CPM also delivers important advantages in life science products, industrial and medical equipment, and highenergy physics.
Features * Ultra high anode sensitivity up to 107 A/W * Extremely low dark current, typically 3pA @ 106 gain * Very low equivalent noise input (down to 10 -17 W) * Very high stability in dark current (no "bursts") * High gain exceeding 108 * Very high dynamic range * Compact dimensions * Wide spectral response through multiple window materials * High resolution * Fast response time * High immunity to magnetic fields * Rugged design
When compared to conventional PMTs, the CPM improves anode sensitivity by one order of magnitude, while lowering dark current by one to two orders of magnitude. The noise level shows extreme stability over time, with no "bursts." The extremely low dark current results in a higher dynamic range than conventional PMTs and extends detectable limits for many applications. The CPM can be used in analog-DC mode, single photon counting mode, and in nuclear spectroscopy (when coupled to scintillation materials like BGO, LSO, Nal, etc.). PerkinElmer Optoelectronics offers a choice of window materials and photocathodes to cover the spectrum from 115 nm (UV range) to 900 nm (NIR). The new detector is a small, head-on type with a total diameter of 10.5 mm including encapsulation. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics also offers custom configurations for specific applications.
PRINCIPLE
Principle of Operation
OF
OPERATION
Physical Specification
Cathode Channel-Entrance Channel-End Anode
The CPM, like conventional photomultiplier tubes, converts a very low light level into photoelectrons by a semitransparent photocathode deposited on the inner surface of the entrance window. On their way from the cathode to the anode the photoelectrons pass through a narrow, semiconductive channel. Each time the electrons hit the inner wall of the curved channel, multiple secondary electrons are emitted. This effect occurs multiple times along the path, leading to an avalanche effect with a gain exceeding 108. The curved shape of the glass tube improves the multiplication effect.
-HV red
-HV +50...+300 V blue
-20...-50 V black
Coax
100 V
1 Mohm
-HV
Proposal for Power Supply
MAIN
FEATURES
Compact Size The CPM is one of the smallest headon type detectors, with a 10.5 mm diameter including encapsulation. The photocathode has a useful diameter of more than 5 mm. The tube is smaller, easier to use, and more rugged than discrete dynode types. Only a single high voltage supply of up to 3000 volts is necessary; no external voltage divider network is required. A variety of different sizes will be available soon (1/2" and 3/4").
Unpotted 1/3 inch Channel Photomultiplier
Fig. 1: Typical current amplification
1 E+09 1 E+08 Current Amplification 1 E+07
9 mm
Ultra high anode sensitivity
1 E+06 1 E+05 1 E+04 1 E+03 1 E+02 1000
1500
2000 Bias Voltage (V)
2500
3000
At the maximum bias voltage of 3000 V, gains can exceed 108. At 2400 V, anode sensitivity is typically 3 x 106 A/W at a wavelength of 410 nm with a bialkali photocathode. This performance surpasses conventional PMTs by one to two orders of magnitude and beats APDs by approximately five orders of magnitude (Fig. 1).
Fig. 2: Typical anode dark current
1 E-05 1 E-06 1 E-07 1 E-08 1 E-09 1 E-10 1 E-11 1 E-12 1000 C 972 C 962 C 952 C 942 C 922 C 911 1500 2000 Bias Voltage (V) 2500 3000
Extremely low dark current The electron multiplication in the channel is virtually silent, so dark current depends only on the photocathode material, leakage currents are negligible. Bialkali photocathodes exhibit typical dark count rates of 10 cps at a gain of 3 x 108, while UV cathodes have dark count rates below 1 cps. In analog DC mode, the typical dark noise for a bialkali photocathode is 20 pA at a gain of 107. In general, the noise level of the PerkinElmer Optoelectronics CPM is one to two orders of magnitude lower than dynode PMTs, resulting in a significantly higher dynamic range (Fig.2).
Dark Current (A)
High stability in dark current level As a result of the semiconductive inner surface of the CPM, no charge-up effects occur at the glass surface. This results in a very high stability of the dark current level over time, with no sudden changes (bursts). The semiconductive surface also causes high-light recovery times to be extremely small.
Fig. 3: Typical photo electron spectrum
2000 PMT CPM 1500
Excellent photon counting resolution At gains exceeding 107 the single photo electron pulse is perfectly separated from the electrical noise, due to a saturation effect of the channel. The CPM exhibits single photon resolution with excellent peak to valley ratios. Fig. 3 shows the single photo electron spectrum taken from a multi-channel analyzer compared to a conventional photomultiplier (Fig. 3).
Counts
1000
500
Choice of entrance window
0 0 50 100 150 Channel 200 250 300
Fig. 4.1: Typical spectral response
100
The CPM is available with different window materials, which are: MgF2, Quartz, UV-glass, and Borosilicate glass. The combination of different photocathodes and entrance windows results in a spectral range from 115 nm to 900 nm. Other window materials and photocathode combinations are available on a custom basis (Fig. 4.1 and 4.2).
Quantumefficency (%)
10
1
C 973
C 952
Available related products
C 922 C 911 0.1 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Wavelength (nm) C 972 900
Fig. 4.2: Typical spectral response
100
* High Voltage supply CHV 30N (supplies 1 CPM, negative output voltage), CHV 30P (supplies 1 CPM, positive output voltage), J4-3N (supplies 10 to 15 CPMs)
10
C 943
C 944
1
C 942
C 962
0.1 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Wavelength (nm)
* CPM Modules MP900-series: Photoncounting module with TTL output, including CPM, electronic and high voltage MD900-series: DC module including high voltage supply, amplifier, I/U converter, output 0 to 10 V, bandwidth 1kHz MH900-series: High voltage module, including CPM and high voltage power supply * CPM Formats
Quantumefficency (%)
EU PerkinElmer Optoelectronics GmbH Heimann Opto 65020 Wiesbaden, Germany PO-Box 3007 http://www.perkinelmer.com/opto
USA PerkinElmer Optoelectronics 2175 Mission College Blvd. Santa Clara, CA 95054 Tel. ++1 (408) 565 - 0830 Fax ++1 (408) 565 - 0703 http://www.perkinelmer.com/opto
/3" C900-series /2" C1300-series 3 /4" C1900-series
1 1
Datasheets on request
CPM C900 Series 1/3" CPM Channel Photomultipliers * * * * High Sensitivity Optical Detector Extremely High Gain Ultra Low Noise 1/3 Inch, Head-On Type
Technical Specifications
Dimensions (mm)
CPM C900 Series 1/3" CPM Channel Photomultipliers
CPM C900 Performance Specifications
Spectral response
10 0
Quantumefficiency (%)
C 943 C 944 10 C 983
1
C 9 73
C 9 72 C 962 C 922 C 921 C 982 C 9 52 C 942 400 50 0 600 70 0 800 900
0. 1 10 0
C 9 11 200 300
Wavelength (nm )
Current Amplification
1,E+09 1,E+08
1,E-05 1,E-06
Dark Current
Current Amplification
Dark current (A)
1,E+07 1,E+06 1,E+05 1,E+04 1,E+03 1,E+02 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
1,E-07 1,E-08 1,E-09 1,E-10 1,E-11 1,E-12 1000 1500 2000 2500
C 972
C 962 C 952 C 942 C 982 C 922 C 911
3000
Bias Voltage (V)
Bias voltage (V)
Equivalent Noise Input
1E-14
Magnetic Field Effects
120
CPM -axial magn field CPM -transverse magn field
100
1E-15
Relative output (%)
C 972
80 60 40 20
ENI (W)
1E-16
C 962 C 952 C 942 C 982
1E-17
C 911 C 922
1E-18
0 -400
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Wavelength (nm)
-300
-200
100
-100 0 100 Magnetic field (Gauss)
200
300
400
CAUTION: High Voltage Warning! This product is operated at high voltage. Extreme care must be taken to ensure operator safety and to avoid damage to other instruments. Avoid direct contact with the photomultiplier when high voltage is applied. Avoid placing conductive material close to the cathode. All given values are nominal/typical @ 20 C ambient temperature; specifications subject to change without notice.
CPM C1300 Series 1/2" CPM Channel Photomultipliers * * * * High Sensitivity Optical Detector Extremely High Gain Ultra Low Noise 1/2 Inch, Head-On Type
Technical Specifications
Dimensions (mm)
CPM C1300 Series 1/2" CPM Channel Photomultipliers
CPM C1300 Performance Specifications
Spectral response
10 0
Quantumefficiency (%)
C 13 4 3 C 13 4 4 10 C 13 8 3
1
C 13 73
C 13 72 C 13 6 2 C 13 2 2 C 13 2 1 C 13 8 2 C 13 52 C 13 4 2 400 50 0 600 70 0 800 900
0. 1 10 0
C 13 11 200 300
Wavelength (nm )
Current Amplification
1,E+09 1,E+08 1,E-05 1,E-06
Dark Current
Dark current (A)
Current Amplification
1,E+07 1,E+06 1,E+05 1,E+04 1,E+03 1,E+02 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
1,E-07 1,E-08
C 1362
1,E-09
C 1372 C 1352 C 1342
1,E-10 1,E-11 1,E-12 1000 1500 2000
C 1382
C 1322 C 1311
2500
3000
Bias Voltage (V)
Bias voltage (V)
Typical Photo Electron Spectrum
Equivalent Noise Input
1E -14
2000
CPM
1E -15 C 13 6 2 1E -16 C 13 4 2 1E -17 C 13 2 2 C 13 11 C 13 8 2 C 13 52
C 13 72
1500
1000 Counts
500
0
1E -18
0
1 00 300 500 W avel ength (nm ) 700 900
50
100
150 Channel
200
250
300
CAUTION: High Voltage Warning! This product is operated at high voltage. Extreme care must be taken to ensure operator safety and to avoid damage to other instruments. Avoid direct contact with the photomultiplier when high voltage is applied. Avoid placing conductive material close to the cathode. All given values are nominal/typical @ 20 C ambient temperature; specifications subject to change without notice.
CPM C1900 Series 3/4" CPM Channel Photomultipliers * * * * High Sensitivity Optical Detector Extremely High Gain Ultra Low Noise 3/4 Inch, Head-On Type
Technical Specifications
Dimensions (mm)
CPM C1900 Series 3/4" CPM Channel Photomultipliers
CPM C1900 Performance Specifications
Spectral response
10 0
Quantumefficiency (%)
C 19 4 3C 19 4 4 10 C 19 8 3
1
C 19 73
C 19 72 C 19 6 2 C 13 2 2 C 19 2 1 C 19 52 C 19 8 2 C 19 4 2 400 50 0 600 70 0 800 900
0. 1 10 0
C 19 11 200 300
Wavelength (nm )
Current Am plification
1, +0 9 E 1, +0 8 E 1,E-05 1,E-06
Dark Current
Current Amplification
Dark current (A)
1, +0 7 E 1, +0 6 E 1, +0 5 E 1, +0 4 E 1, +0 3 E 1, +0 2 E 10 0 0
1,E-07 1,E-08 1,E-09 1,E-10 1,E-11 1,E-12 C 1972 C 1962 C 1952 C 1982 C 1942 C 1922 C 1911
150 0
2000
2 50 0
3000
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Bias Voltage (V)
Bias voltage (V)
Equivalent Noise Input 1E-14 C 1972 C 1962 C 1952 C 1942 C 1911C 1922 1E-17 C 1982
Counts 500 2000
Typical Photo Electron Spectrum
1E-15 ENI (W)
1500
CPM
1E-16
1000
1E-18
1 00 300 500 W avel ength (nm ) 700 900
0 0 50 100 150 Channel 200 250 300
CAUTION: High Voltage Warning! This product is operated at high voltage. Extreme care must be taken to ensure operator safety and to avoid damage to other instruments. Avoid direct contact with the photomultiplier when high voltage is applied. Avoid placing conductive material close to the cathode. All given values are nominal/typical @ 20 C ambient temperature; specifications subject to change without notice.
USA: PerkinElmer Optoelectronics 2175 Mission College Blvd. Santa Clara, CA 95054 Phone: (408) 565-0850 Fax: (408) 565-0793
EUROPE: PerkinElmer Optoelectronics GmbH Wenzel-Jaksch-Str. 31 65199 Wiesbaden Germany Phone: +49 611 492 534 Fax: +49 611 492 578
ASIA: PerkinElmer Optoelectronics 47 Ayer Rajah Crescent #06-12 Singapore 139947 Phone: +65 775 2022 Fax: +65 775 1008
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(c) 2001 PerkinElmer, Inc. All rights reserved.
DS-291 Rev A 1101
w w w. p e r k i n e l m e r. c o m / o p t o

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